When starting a new project or adding significant functionality to an existing one, you’ll likely face an important question: “Which database should I use?” With hundreds of database systems available—such as MySQL, Cassandra, Redis, Memcached, and PostgreSQL—choosing the right one can be overwhelming.
To make an informed decision, it’s essential to understand how databases work and why they are designed the way they are. This is where the CAP theorem comes in. It provides a foundational framework for understanding the trade-offs between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance—key factors that influence how databases handle data in distributed systems.